Author : Sanjeev Gautam, Akash Sindhyan and Anal Kant Jha

Stem cells have significantly advanced the field of biomedical research, particularly in the modeling of animal diseases. Their ability to differentiate into various cell types and recreate disease-specific environments has made them indispensable tools for studying disease mechanisms, discovering therapeutic targets, and evaluating potential treatments. This review explores the application of stem cells in animal disease modeling, discussing their roles in neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and metabolic diseases. We also examine the advantages, limitations, and future directions of stem cell-based models, emphasizing their potential to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical applications. The review concludes by discussing the ongoing advancements in gene editing, organoid development, and personalized medicine, which are expected to enhance the accuracy and relevance of animal disease models.

Keywords: Stem cells, Animal disease modelling, Neurodegenerative diseases, Cancer modelling, Cardiovascular diseases, Organoids, Gene editing, Translational research.