Author : Akshansh Mishra, Adarsh Tiwari, Mayank Kumar Shukla and A. Razal Rose

A relatively new joining process, friction stir welding (FSW) produces no fumes; uses no filler material; and can join aluminium alloys, copper, magnesium, zinc, steels, and titanium. FSW sometimes produces a weld that is stronger than the base material. The tool geometry plays a critical role in material flow and governs the transverse rate at which FSW can be conducted. The tool serves three primary functions, i.e., (a) heating of the work piece, (b) movement of material to produce the joint, and (c) containment of the hot metal beneath the tool shoulder. Heating is created within the work piece by friction between both the rotating tool pin and shoulder and by severe plastic deformation of the work.

Keywords: Tool materials; Tool shoulder; Tool pin; Friction Stir Welding