Author : S. G. Salunkhe and H. V. Kumbhar

The wide utilization of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is obstructed by the severely limited energy constraints of the individual sensor nodes. A critical need in wireless sensor networks is to achieve energy efficiency during routing as the sensor nodes have limited energy resources. The efficient energy consumption is the main problem in wireless sensor network. The efficient protocol should minimize the energy consumption. Several routing, data dissemination and power management protocols have been specifically developed for WSNs where energy consumption is an essential design issue. The main focuses on the routing protocols which are differ depending on the uses, application and network architecture. In this paper, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs. We first outline the design challenges for routing protocols in WSNs followed by a comprehensive survey of different routing techniques.

Keywords: Wireless sensor network, routing protocol, Energy efficient

Article published in International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.6, No.1 (Feb-2016)